Optimal experiment design is the definition of the conditions under wh
ich an experiment is to be conducted in order to maximize the accuracy
with which the results are obtained. This paper summarizes a number o
f methods by which the parameters of the mathematical model of the sys
tem are estimated and describes the application of the Fisher informat
ion matrix. Examples are given for thermal property estimation in whic
h the estimation is affected both by measurement noise, which is prese
nt during any experiment, but also by uncertainties in the parameters
of the model used to describe the system.