EVOLUTION OF IN-SITU REFRACTORIES IN THE 20TH-CENTURY

A common theme over the past 100 gears in refractories science and tec hnology has been to generate a protective refractories layer in a high -temperature container, often by reaction of the refractory materials with the contents (glass, slag, or atmosphere), The history of refract ories during the 20th century is used in this review to illustrate how techniques-such as slag splashing, in situ spinel generation in casta bles, magnesia dense layer formation in magnesia-carbon brick in steel making, clinker adhesion in cement kilns, and viscous boundary layer g eneration in glass tanks-have evolved to their present status.