The one-dimensional Holstein model of spinless fermions interacting wi
th dispersionless phonons is studied using a new variant of the densit
y matrix renormalization group. By examining various low-energy excita
tions of finite chains, the metal-insulator phase boundary is determin
ed precisely and agrees with the predictions of strong coupling theory
in the antiadiabatic regime and is consistent with renormalization gr
oup arguments in the adiabatic regime. The Luttinger liquid parameters
, determined by finite-size scaling, are consistent with a Kosterlitz-
Thouless transition.