Ln a changing economic climate, the neonatologist must be aware of all
of the forces that can affect the practice of neonatology. Ln additio
n to clinical issues, billing and reimbursement must take into account
physician work and common procedural terminology (CPT) codes, which a
ccurately describe the medical services and procedures delivered. An u
nderstanding of this coding and resource-based work unit system is nec
essary to prevent financial loss. The influence of managed care, capit
ation, fixed per-case reimbursement, practice guidelines and care maps
have already seriously affected clinical practice patterns. The neona
tologist must be proactive in negotiating contracts using historic inf
ormation and outcome data to define and defend the quality of care pro
vided.