R. Antony et al., ION-BEAM ENERGY EFFECT ON THE ASSISTED DE POSITION OF ORGANIC LAYER USED AS LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES, Journal de chimie physique et de physico-chimie biologique, 95(6), 1998, pp. 1359-1362
Light emitting diodes based on the structure ITO/ Alq3/ Ca-Al lead to
enhanced quantum efficiency when the Alq3 active layer is obtained by
IBAD (Ion Beam Assisted Deposition): with Iodine ions, the optimizatio
n (quantum efficiency multiplied by a factor 10) is obtained for an io
n energy equal to 100 eV.