This review focuses on membrane technology research needs in the conte
xt of drinking water treatment. It considers practical issues like mem
brane piloting, scale-up, residuals discharge, and costs, as well as m
ore fundamental issues Like membrane polymers, surface characterizatio
n, biofouling, and modeling of the transport of dissolved and particul
ate species in membrane systems. It is concluded that because the peri
od since this committee's last report has been a fertile one for resea
rch, many new questions have arisen on both applied and fundamental is
sues in the development, use, and understanding of membrane processes
in drinking water treatment.