FOLLOW-UP BIOLOGICAL AND GENOTOXICOLOGICAL MONITORING OF ACRYLONITRILE-EXPOSED AND DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE-EXPOSED VISCOSE RAYON PLANT WORKERS

In order to investigate the genotoxic effects of occupational acryloni trile (ACN) and dimeihylformamide (DMF) exposures, clinical serum and urine parameters and genotoxicological endpoints such as chromosome ab erration (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), high frequency SCE (HF C), cell cycle kinetics, and UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS ) were followed vp th ree times du ri ng a 20-month period in peripher al blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 26 workers (13 maintainers and 13 fiber producers) occupationally exposed to ANC and/or DMF in a viscose rayon plant, 26 matched control subjects, and six industrial controls (all males). Six of the 26 exposed subjects were hospitalized because of li ver dysfunction that had developed due to inhalative DMF exposure. The rate of smoking was estimated on the basis of serum thiocyanate (SCN) levels. Average peak air ACN and DMF concentrations were over the max imum concentration limits at the time of both investigations. Urine AC N and monomethyl-formamide (MMF) excretions of the exposed subjects we re almost doubled after work shifts. An increase in lymphocyte count ( in months 0 and 7), and severe alterations in the liver function were observed in the exposed subjects. In PBLs the proliferative rate index (PRI) was already increased in month 0 compared with the controls. In each study, significant increases in CA and SCE frequencies, as well as increases in UDS were found in PBLs of the exposed subjects. The fr equencies of chromatid breaks and acentric fragments further increased in month 7 and remained constantly elevated in month 20. Increased yi elds of both chromatid and chromosome-type exchange aberrations First appeared in month 20, when HFCs were 2.72 times more frequent in fiber producers than in maintainers. The role of some important biological confounding Factors (age, white blood cell count, and hematocrit) and lifestyle confounding factors (smoking and drinking habits) were subje cted to an analysis of variance during the second study. Increased CA, SCE, and UDS were found both in control and exposed smokers when curr ent smoking was established on the basis of the serum SCN levels. The cytogenetic data suggest that occupational exposures to ACN and DMF in duce considerable genotoxic consequences and may increase the cancer r isk in the exposed human populations. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.