The purpose of this article is to show how chaos theory can help us to
understand complexity of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. A br
ief introduction of this theory is made and the definition of its term
inology. Then, works published up to date are revised and possibilitie
s that it offers to know about complexity of EEG activity in normal su
bjets and in patients with some psychopathology. In addition, it analy
ses the cerebral activity during wathfulness and during sleep. Lastly
it is pointed out how chaos theory can distinguish changes in the EEG
activity when any pathology is present and between the activity of sle
ep and watchfulness as well. Some suggestions about the meaning of the
EEG activity into chaotic dynamics are proposed also.