O. Letari et al., EFFECTS OF LORATADINE ON CYTOSOLIC CA2- NOVEL MECHANISMS OF ACTION INDEPENDENT OF THE ANTIHISTAMINE ACTIVITY( LEVELS AND LEUKOTRIENE RELEASE ), European journal of pharmacology. Molecular pharmacology section, 266(3), 1994, pp. 219-227
Loratadine, a non-sedating anti-histamine drug, displays in vitro pote
ntial anti-allergic properties not related to its interaction with the
histamine H-1 receptor. In a search for the mechanisms of these actio
ns, we have found that loratadine induces an elevation of cytosolic ca
lcium ion, [Ca2+](i), in rat peritoneal macrophages or human platelets
. The mechanism of this elevation resides in the ability of loratadine
to discharge intracellular Ca2+ stores, similarly to thapsigargin. Th
is in turn brings about the inhibition of [Ca2+](i) rise induced by ph
ysiological activators (platelet activating factor and ADP), as well a
s by thapsigargin. One of the active metabolites of loratadine, descar
bo-ethoxy-loratadine, and another anti-histamine, namely terfenadine,
exhibit the same effects. In addition, loratadine partially inhibits a
ntigen-induced leukotriene release from human bronchi, but is unable t
o inhibit the concomitant contraction. We conclude that loratadine can
interfere with the mechanisms controlling Ca2+ release, thus inhibiti
ng the cell activation elicited by various agonists through [Ca2+](i)
elevation. This might be the mechanism underlying its anti-allergic ac
tions in vitro. Furthermore, loratadine might represent an interesting
tool in the study of Ca2+ homeostasis.