We review four current challenges facing organization labor; the chang
ing nature of work; the emergence of a new model of Human Resource Man
agement; the changing composition of the labor force and political/leg
islative challenges. Based on psychological models of unionization (Ba
rling, Fullagar, & Kelloway, 1992) and current research on the determi
nants of unionization, we predict that unions will survive as vital or
ganizations to the extent that they are able to ensure their instrumen
tality for members and potential members. The need to enhance the publ
ic image of unions is also indicated.