Rather than being an exception, non-linearity between dose and respons
e are the rule in biological systems. It might even be anticipated tha
t at some doses a response opposite to that seen at high doses could b
e elicited (hormesis). Such non-linearity with dose has multiple impli
cations for numerous aspects of biomedical research on aging and for e
xperimental design. Moreover, the implications of such non-linearity a
re such that governmental regulatory activities and other areas of pub
lic health administration will be affected to a large extent once horm
esis is widely recognized, The implications with regard to environment
al intervention and subsequent regulatory decisions will certainly pro
foundly affect the political process, as well.