DETECTION OF THE FILARIAL PARASITE MANSONELLA-STREPTOCERCA IN SKIN BIOPSIES BY A NESTED POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION-BASED ASSAY

To differentiate the skin-dwelling filariae Mansonella streptocerca an d Onchocerca volvulus, a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed from small amounts of parasite material present in skin biopsies. One nonspecific and one specific pair of primers were used t o amplify the 5S rDNA spacer region of M. streptocerca. Biopsies with different microfilaria densities obtained from 104 Ugandans living in an area endemic for M. streptocerca were tested using both the nested PCR assay and standard parasitologic assessment of microfilariae. All 82 samples from microfilaria carriers were positive when tested using the nested PCR assay. In addition, M. streptocerca DNA could be detect ed in 16 samples thought to be microfilaria negative. Furthermore, six days following ivermectin treatment, M. streptocerca DNA was found in 12 of 14 microfilaria-negative biopsies. Control skin samples from pa tients infected with O. volvulus were all negative in the nested PCR a ssay. This assay improves the diagnosis of M. streptocerca and will fa cilitate further epidemiologic studies.