The exposure of either epithelial cells or pneumococci or both to 5% x
ylitol reduced the adherence of pneumococci. Exposure of epithelial ce
lls or bacteria alone to xylitol did not reduce the adherence of Haemo
philus influenzae, although the exposure of both cells and bacteria to
xylitol reduced the adherence significantly. The adherence of Moraxel
la catarrhalis remained low irrespective of the exposure.