Electrons with an energy of 300 keV or lower were defined as ''Soft-el
ectrons'', which showed several advantages over conventional irradiati
on with gamma-rays or high-energy electrons in decontamination of grai
ns and spices. Energies of electrons necessary to reduce microbial loa
ds to levels lower than 10 CFU/g were 60 keV for brown rice, 75 keV fo
r wheat, 100 keV for white pepper, coriander and basil, 130 keV for bu
ckwheat, 160 keV for rough rice, and 210 keV for black pepper. Electro
ns with such energies did not significantly influence the quality.