As. Plomp et al., 2 CASES OF PARTIAL TRISOMY 8P AND PARTIAL MONOSOMY 21Q IN A FAMILY WITH A RECIPROCAL TRANSLOCATION (8-21)(P21.1-Q22.3), Journal of Medical Genetics, 35(7), 1998, pp. 604-608
We report on two mentally retarded adults with an unbalanced karyotype
resulting from a familial balanced translocation between chromosomes
8 and 21, t(8;21) (p21.1;q22.3). This translocation has not been repor
ted before. Both patients had partial trisomy 8p and partial monosomy
21q. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) was used to determine t
he chromosomal breakpoints more precisely. The first patient showed mi
ld mental retardation and facial dysmorphism, slightly resembling the
earlier described trisomy Sp phenotype. He did not resemble his affect
ed niece, who was more severely retarded, had serious epilepsy, but la
cked the facial dysmorphism. Comparing the data of both patients with
published reports of trisomy Sp, marked differences were found between
patients with an inversion duplication (inv dup) 8p, patients with pa
rtial trisomy 8p caused by an unbalanced translocation, and our patien
ts. Inv dup(8p) causes a recognisable phenotype, whereas the phenotype
of trisomy 8p resulting from a translocation is much more variable, p
robably because of the accompanying monosomies. However, even the same
abnormal karyotype can cause different phenotypes, as our patients sh
ow. Counselling carriers of the balanced translocation in this family,
a 20-25% recurrence risk for unbalanced offspring and a 25% risk for
miscarriages seem appropriate.