As the sequencing of the total DNA of many organisms continues, attent
ion is turning next to the interpretation of the function of all of th
e genes and gene products, with the aim of learning the full meaning o
f the entire genetic blueprint of a sequenced organism in concrete ter
ms. To set the stage for accomplishing this, systems need to be constr
ucted for the expression of the functions of gene products in systemat
ic yet rich ways. As much as possible, the same systems should be appl
icable to all organisms, so that when comparability exists among organ
isms the connections will become clear.