MULTIPLE-ENERGY X-RAY HOLOGRAPHY WITH ATOMIC-RESOLUTION

Recent approaches to achieving atomic resolution with holographic meth ods and directly image atomic structures in the bulk at surfaces and i nterfaces of solids have become increasingly successful. Multiple-ener gy X-ray holography (MEXH), a particular implementation of such a meth od, is reviewed and its first applications to bulk crystals and nano-c lusters suspended in a crystalline matrix is presented. MEXH utilizes X-rays to generate an interference field within the sample, then deter mines its strength at specific atomic sites from fluorescence emission s. Scanning reciprocal space, a hologram is recorded from which local atomic structures can be reconstructed by Fourier transformation. Imag e aberrations known to distort single-energy holograms are effectively suppressed in this novel multi-energy technique. (C) 1998 Elsevier Sc ience B,V. All rights reserved.