EFFECTS OF SINGLE AND DOUBLE MUTATIONS IN PLASTOCYANIN ON THE RATE-CONSTANT AND ACTIVATION PARAMETERS FOR THE REARRANGEMENT GATING THE ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTION BETWEEN THE TRIPLET-STATE OF ZINC CYTOCHROME-C AND CUPRIPLASTOCYANIN
Mm. Ivkovicjensen et al., EFFECTS OF SINGLE AND DOUBLE MUTATIONS IN PLASTOCYANIN ON THE RATE-CONSTANT AND ACTIVATION PARAMETERS FOR THE REARRANGEMENT GATING THE ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTION BETWEEN THE TRIPLET-STATE OF ZINC CYTOCHROME-C AND CUPRIPLASTOCYANIN, Biochemistry, 37(26), 1998, pp. 9557-9569
The unimolecular rate constant for the photoinduced electron-transfer
reaction (3)Zncyt/pc(II) --> Zncyt(+)/pc(I) within the electrostatic c
omplex of zinc cytochrome c and spinach cupriplastocyanin is k(F). We
report the effects on k(F) Of the following factors, all at pH 7.0: 12
single mutations on the plastocyanin surface (Leu12Asn, Leu12Glu, Leu
12Lys, Asp42Asn, Asp42Lys, Glu43Asn, Glu59Gln, Glu59Lys, Glu60Gln, Glu
60Lys, Gln88Glu, and Gln88Lys), the double mutation Glu59Lys/Glu60Gln,
temperature (in the range 273.3-302.9 K), and solution viscosity (in
the range 1.00-116.0 cP) at 283.2 and 293.2 K. We also report the effe
cts of the plastocyanin mutations on the association constant (K-a) an
d the corresponding free energy of association (Delta G(a)) with zinc
cytochrome c at 298.2 K. Dependence of kF on temperature yielded the a
ctivation parameters Delta H-double dagger, Delta S-double dagger, and
Delta G(double dagger). Dependence of k(F) on solution viscosity yiel
ded the protein friction and confirmed the Delta G(double dagger) valu
es determined from the temperature dependence. The aforementioned intr
acomplex reaction is not a simple electron-transfer reaction because d
onor-acceptor electronic coupling (H-AB) and reorganizational energy (
lambda), obtained by fitting of the temperature dependence of k(F) to
the Marcus equation, deviate from the expectations based on precedents
and because kF greatly depends on viscosity. This last dependence and
the fact that certain mutations affect K, but not kF are two lines of
evidence against the mechanism in which the electron-transfer step is
coupled with the faster, but thermodynamically unfavorable, rearrange
ment step. The electron-transfer reaction is gated by the slower, and
thus rate determining, structural rearrangement of the diprotein compl
ex; the rate constant kF corresponds to this rearrangement. Isokinetic
correlation of Delta H-double dagger and Delta S-double dagger parame
ters and Coulombic energies of the various configurations of the Zncyt
/pc(II) complex consistently show that the rearrangement is a facile c
onfigurational fluctuation of the associated proteins, qualitatively t
he same process regardless of the mutations in plastocyanin. Correlati
on of kF with the orientation of the cupriplastocyanin dipole moment i
ndicates that the reactive configuration of the diprotein complex invo
lves the area near the residue 59, between the upper acidic cluster an
d the hydrophobic patch. Kinetic effects and noneffects of plastocyani
n mutations show that the rearrangement from the initial (docking) con
figuration, which involves both acidic clusters, to the reactive confi
guration does not involve the lower acidic cluster and the hydrophobic
patch but involves the upper acidic cluster and the area near the res
idue 88.