Fracture experiments were done on 3 mol% Y-TZP ceramics from room temp
erature to 4.2 K. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to study the pha
se contents of the ceramics. The monoclinic phase content and fracture
toughness, K-Ic, all increase with decreasing temperature, which is m
ainly due to the stress-induced transformation. On the other hand, the
spontaneous transformation also takes a part in toughening. (C) 1998
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