This paper presents the emergence of the cooperative behavior for comm
unicating agents by means of Genetic Programming (GP). Our experimenta
l domains are the pursuit game and the robot navigation task. We condu
ct experiments with the evolution of the communicating agents and show
the effectiveness of the emergent communication in terms of the robus
tness of generated GP programs. The performance of GP-based multi-agen
t learning is discussed with comparative experiments by using differen
t breeding strategies, i.e., homogenous breeding and heterogeneous bre
eding. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.