Male Dutch Resistance veterans from World War II who reported on chron
ic diseases were compared with subjects from a population survey. Resi
stance veterans in general reported significantly more disease. Vetera
ns with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder reported more diseas
e than those who bad none. Furthermore, 13 specific disease categories
were more prevalent in the Resistance veterans than in the general po
pulation. In the Resistance veterans total number of reported diseases
was significantly correlated with anxiety, depression, and posttrauma
tic stress disorder. In Resistance veterans weekly tobacco use was com
parable to that of the control subjects, but alcohol consumption was s
ignificantly less.