ANIMAL AWARENESS

In this paper it is argued that there are two types of conscious aware ness, namely being awake and being aware of objects. The views of some thinkers, e.g., Donald Griffin, are criticized for failing to take th is distinction into account. Failure to take proper account of this di stinction undermines views of others, such as Peter Carruthers, who ma intain that animals are not consciously aware. Such views presuppose t hat for a subject to be awake or have feelings it must be able to iden tify some mental state as an object about which it can think. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.