Y. Saito et al., FIELD-EMISSION FROM MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES AND ITS APPLICATIONTO ELECTRON-TUBES, Applied physics A: Materials science & processing, 67(1), 1998, pp. 95-100
Field emission from closed and open-ended multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT
s) was studied by field-emission microscopy. As an application of nano
tube field emitters, we manufactured lighting elements with the struct
ure of a triode-type vacuum tube by replacing the conventional thermio
nic cathodes with the MWNT field emitters. Stable electron emission, a
dequate luminance and long life of the tubes have been demonstrated.