The intelligent agent approach offers the promise of remaking a tradit
ional enterprise into a learning organization, one that uses progressi
ve information technology and information strategies to study its outc
omes prospectively, to avoid repetition of past errors, and to improve
its effectiveness continuously. This paper explores whether agent tec
hnology can fulfill this promise in health care, both in a general sen
se and in terms of knowledge management and performance support. A cas
e study is presented to illustrate some lessons learned and the pitfal
ls that need to be avoided as the development of agents proceeds.