This article examines the experience of modernity for steelworkers and
their families in Hamilton, Ontario who now face unprecedented insecu
rity in production relations at the same time that they encounter shif
ting ideas about the welfare state. The article argues tl-lat at a tim
e when the material consequences of exclusion from entitlement are rea
l and often frightening, these people draw on the discourse of moderni
ty, and in particular ideas about state policies on immigration and so
cial welfare, as well as their own situated historical experiences of
class struggle, to reinforce their claims to entitlement and diminish
those of others.