This paper surveys the recent literature on results-oriented versus ru
les-oriented trade policies. After presenting a simple setting capturi
ng the basics of results-oriented markets access schemes, we discuss e
xtensions which have been or might be developed in this line of resear
ch. In particular, we investigate how the use of simple costly verific
ation of information models might be fruitfully applied to analyze the
incentives for countries to choose between results-oriented and rules
-oriented trade policies. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights re
served.