VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR (VEGF) VASCULAR-PERMEABILITY FACTOR (VPF) PRODUCTION BY LUTEINIZED HUMAN GRANULOSA-CELLS IN-VITRO - A PARACRINE SIGNAL IN CORPUS-LUTEUM FORMATION
Z. Yan et al., VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR (VEGF) VASCULAR-PERMEABILITY FACTOR (VPF) PRODUCTION BY LUTEINIZED HUMAN GRANULOSA-CELLS IN-VITRO - A PARACRINE SIGNAL IN CORPUS-LUTEUM FORMATION, Gynecological endocrinology, 12(3), 1998, pp. 149-153
Vascularization is a prerequisite for corpus luteum formation. Angioge
nesis is thought to be regulated by vascular growth factors. Vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/vascular permeability factor (VPF) sp
ecifically induces endothelial cell proliferation as well as angiogene
sis and increases capillary permeability. Recently, VEGF/VPF-mRNA expr
ession was demonstrated in luteinized human granulosa cells (GC) in vi
tro. In addition, the production of VEGF/VPF by human granulosa can be
demonstrated immunocytochemically. VEGF/VPF is thought to mediate its
effects through specific cell surface receptors. So far, two VEGF/VPF
-receptors (VEGF/VPF-R) have been identified (KDR, and flt-1). A third
receptor (flt-4) is highly correlated to KDR and flt-1, but the true
ligand for this receptor is still unknown. The appearance of all three
receptors is move or less restricted to endothelial cells. To clarify
whether VEGF/VPF acts in an auto- or paracrine fashion in human lutei
nized GC, mRNA was scrutinized for specific expression of the three re
ceptors by Northern blot technique. No specific VEGF/VPF-R or flt-4 tr
anscripts were detectable, indicating that VEGF/VPF is a genuine parac
rine growth factor from human luteinized GC directed to endothelial ce
lls.