DETERMINATION OF ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS IN WATER, SEDIMENTS, AND SEWAGE-SLUDGE USING PERDEUTERATED INTERNAL STANDARDS, ACCELERATED SOLVENT-EXTRACTION, AND LARGE-VOLUME-INJECTION GC MS/

Two new methods for the simultaneous identification and quantification of organotin compounds (OTs) including monobutyltin, dibutyltin, trib utyltin, monophenyltin, diphenyltin, triphenyltin, and tricyclohexylti n (TCyT) in natural waters and sediments, respectively, are presented. For water samples, aqueous ethylation followed by liquid-liquid extra ction (LLE) or solid-phase extraction and large-volume-injection GC/MS (50-200 mu L) were used. For sediment samples, accelerated solvent ex traction at 100 degrees C with a methanolic mixture of sodium acetate and acetic acid was developed. By using for the first time perdeuterat ed OTs as internal standards, excellent precision (relative standard d eviations <5%) and low method detection limits ranging from 0.3 to 1.5 ng/L for 50 mL of aqueous samples and from 0.4 to 2 ng/g for 2.5 g of dried sediments were achieved. Using LLE, recoveries determined in sp iked harbor water (+5 ng/L) and sediment pore water (+25 ng/L) were in the range of 93-103 (RSD 0.5-4.6%) and 97-108% (RSD 0.8-4.2%), respec tively. For spiked sediment samples (+10 ng/g) recoveries of 98-105% ( RSD 1-7%) were achieved for all OTs, except for TCyT (51%, RSD 4%), Th e developed analytical procedures were validated with reference materi al and applied to various environmental samples, such as fresh- and se awater, field runoff, wastewater, sediments,and sewage sludge.