The initial stages of homoepitaxy on GaAs(001) are studied with atomic
-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and Monte Carlo simulations
that include the zinc blende structure of GaAs, the (2 x 4) reconstruc
tion of the (001) surface, and the kinetics of As-2 incorporation. The
reconstruction is found to favor nucleation on the top-layer arsenic
dimers and to cause small islands to be unstable until they adopt the
local (2 x 4) structure.