Toxic Shock Syndrome is an acute multisystemic disease, characterized
by high fever, hypotension and involvment of the skin and mucous membr
ane, associated with multisystem dysfunction. It is a ran condition in
the paediatric population. We describe a newborn child with asphyxia
and meconium aspiration, who developed a temperature of greater than o
r equal to 38.9 degrees C, severe hypotension and rash with desquamati
on, associated with evidence of coagulopathy and renal and muscular dy
sfunction. Strict CDC criteria of toxic shock syndrome were fulfilled
in our patient, with all major criteria verified. These criteria have
never been validated in neonates, but in this case some symptoms favou
r a diagnosis of toxic shock syndrome since they are not associated wi
th birth asphyxia, viral intrauterine infection or other disease. We b
elieve a probable intrapartum transmission occurred through ingestion
or aspiration of contaminated amniotic fluid. The patient described in
this report is, to our knowledge, one of the youngest described to fu
lfil all of the strict CDC criteria for Toxic Shock Syndrome.