K. Athanassenas et al., INFRARED MULTIPHOTON EXCITATION OF REFRACTORY-METAL CLUSTERS, Zeitschrift fur Physik. D, Atoms, molecules and clusters, 26, 1993, pp. 153-155
Photoexcitation and photoionization experiments on small Tungsten and
Niobium clusters were performed with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 n
m) and a reflectron type time-of-flight mass spectrometer. For low las
er fluences the monomer and very small clusters do not show up in the
mass spectra. Furthermore, the detected cluster ions show very asymmet
ric peak shapes caused by delayed ionization (thermionic emission). Fo
r high photon fluences photoions with up to charge state +3 could be d
etected.