In this paper, a hydro-bulging technology for manufacturing pipe elbow
s is proposed to overcome difficulties in manufacturing large diameter
elbows using traditional technology. The section profile variation of
the toroidal shell during the forming process is discussed. It is dem
onstrated experimentally that manufacture of a pipe elbow using integr
ally hydro-bulging technology is feasible. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science L
td. All rights reserved.