The phylogeny of the Phytophaga, the Largest and oldest radiation of h
erbivorous beetles, was reconstructed from 115 complete DNA sequences
for the 18S nuclear ribosomal subunit and from 212 morphological chara
cters. The results of these analyses were used to interpret the role o
f angiosperms in beetle diversification. Jurassic fossils represent ba
sal Lineages that are still associated with conifers and cycads. Repea
ted origins of angiosperm-feeding beetle Lineages are associated with
enhanced rates of beetle diversification, indicating a series of adapt
ive radiations. Collectively, these radiations represent nearly half o
f the species in the order Coleoptera and a similar proportion of herb
ivorous insect species.