Tc. Strand et al., BUMP FORMATION AND GROWTH BY MULTIPLE LASER-PULSES ON NI-P DISK SUBSTRATE, IEEE transactions on magnetics, 34(4), 1998, pp. 1786-1788
Multiple pulse exposure provides a means for making bumps in the 1-100
nm height range on NI-P substrates. Although the bump height is gener
ally a nonlinear function of the number of pulses, below the fluence t
hreshold for chemicapillary effects, bump height increases linearly wi
th the number of pulses. At low fluence levels, when the peak melt tem
perature is below 1400 degrees K, the bump surface becomes rough. Avoi
ding the low fluence regime, this technique can be reliably used for m
aking smooth bumps with flexible shapes and sizes which are useful for
tribology studies.