ae Visual Programming Challenge (VPC) provides a framework for explori
ng visual programming language issues in a quasi-real-time environment
and for comparing competing languages. VIPR is an attempt to bring th
e traditional strengths of textual imperative languages to a visual pr
ogramming language. It leverages these strengths to make use of well-u
nderstood design and abstraction methodologies while providing additio
nal visual features, such as explicit representations, contextual info
rmation, and execution animation. VIPR uses these strengths and featur
es to address the quasi-realtime problem posed by the VPC, whose requi
rements include interaction with the low-level vehicle manipulation co
de, map exploration and display, as well as additional requirements su
ch as flexibility of solution and performance demands. Our solution do
es not directly address pedagogical issues or the value of VIPR's simp
le graphical semantics. It did point out weaknesses with VIPR's approa
ch to solving the scalability problem in visual programming languages.
(C) 1998 Academic Press Limited.