Unlike the classical crack extension energy release rate, the crack mo
uth widening energy release rate is related to the Mode I stress inten
sity factor by application of the principle of virtual work. Solutions
are derived for cracked beams and pipes while the method applies in a
straightforward manner to other crack configurations. The results are
shown to agree well with those available in the open literature. (C)
1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.