Js. Brook et al., A 3-GENERATION STUDY - INTERGENERATIONAL CONTINUITIES AND DISCONTINUITIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE TODDLERS ANGER, Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs, 124(3), 1998, pp. 335-351
One hundred fifteen 2-year-old toddlers, one of the parents of each to
ddler, and the corresponding grandmother of each toddler were studied
to determine the influence of the grandmother and the parent on the to
ddler's behavior. Findings indicated that the grandmother's parenting
skills have an effect on the grandchild's anger via two pathways. More
specifically, the grandmother's child-rearing techniques are mediated
by the parent's personality traits, which, in turn, are associated wi
th the parent's child-rearing practices and, ultimately, the grandchil
d's anger. The second pathway through which the grandmother's child-re
aring is related to the grandchild's behavior involves the parent's im
itation of the grandmother's parenting skills, which, in turn, are cor
related with the toddler's behavior.