Ej. Caramana et al., FORMULATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL VISCOSITY FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL SHOCK-WAVE COMPUTATIONS, Journal of computational physics (Print), 144(1), 1998, pp. 70-97
In this paper we present a new formulation of the artificial viscosity
concept. Physical arguments for the origins of this term are given an
d a set of criteria that any proper functional form of the artificial
viscosity should satisfy is enumerated. The first important property i
s that by definition a viscosity must always be dissipative, transferr
ing kinetic energy into internal energy, and must never act as a false
pressure. The artificial viscous force should be Galilean invariant a
nd vary continuously as a function of the criterion used to determine
compression and expansion, and remain zero fur the latter case. These
requirements significantly constrain the functional form that the arti
ficial viscous force can have. In addition, an artificial viscosity sh
ould be able to distinguish between shock-wave and adiabatic compressi
on, and not result in spurious entropy production when only the latter
is present. It must therefore turn off completely for self-similiar m
otion, where only a uniform stretching and/or a rigid rotation occurs.
An additional important, but more subtle, condition where the artific
ial viscosity should produce no effect is alone the direction tangenti
al to a convergent shock front, since the velocity is only discontinuo
us in the normal direction. Our principal result is the development of
a new formulation of an edge-centered artificial viscosity that is to
be used in conjunction with a staggered spatial placement of variable
s that meets all of these standards, and without the need for problem
dependent numerical coefficients that have in the past made the artifi
cial viscosity method appear somewhat arbitrary. Our formulation and n
umerical results are given with respect to two spatial dimensions but
all of our arguments carry over directly to three dimensions. A centra
l Feature of our development is the implementation of simple advection
limiters in a straightforward manner in more than one dimension to tu
rn off the artificial viscosity for the above mentioned conditions, an
d to substantially reduce its effect when strong velocity gradients ar
e absent. (C) 1998 Academic Press.