MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF FIG WASPS AGAONIDAE ARE NOT MONOPHYLETIC

According to the present classification, the family Agaonidae contains all fig pollinators as well as five subfamilies of non-pollinating fi g wasps. The molecular phylogeny of the family was reconstructed using partial sequences of the 28S rRNA (D1 and D2 domains). Our results sh ow that the family Agaonidae is not monophyletic. As a consequence, we restrict the family to the pollinator clade, and assign the non-polli nating subfamilies to various chalcid families. Sycoecinae, Otiteselli nae and Sycoryctinae are included in Pteromalidae, whereas Sycophagina e and Epichrysomallinae are left unclassified and will require more in -depth morphological studies. Moreover, we proved that the fig pollina tion syndrome evolved only once, early in group history. The resource due to the fig-pollinator mutualism has secondarily been colonized ind ependently by different Chalcid lineages. ((C) Academie des sciences / Elsevier, Paris.).