MULTIPLE ROLES FOR THE WILMS-TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE, WT1 GENITOURINARYDEVELOPMENT

Wilms' tumour is a childhood kidney cancer, and a classic example of c ancer arising through disrupted development (Armstrong et al., 1992). It is one of the most common solid paediatric malignancies, affecting one in 10 000 children. The genetics of Wilms' tumour is complicated, with several different genes or chromosomal regions being implicated ( Armstrong el al., 1992). However, the gene we know most about is the W ilms' tumour predisposition gene, WT1 (Bickmore et al., 1992; Bruening and Pelletier, 1996). It is now clear that mutations in this gene in humans can lead to abnormalities of the kidneys and gonads, as well as to the eponymous tumour. Also, as discussed below, WT1 is essential f or kidney, testis and ovary development, as revealed in knockout mice. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.