P. Carra et al., MAGNETIC-X-RAY DICHROISM - GENERAL FEATURES OF DIPOLAR AND QUADRUPOLAR SPECTRA, Physica. B, Condensed matter, 192(1-2), 1993, pp. 182-190
Sum rules are derived for dipolar linear and quadrupolar circular dich
roism in the X-ray region. They relate the intensity of the dichroic s
ignal to the ground state expectation values of orbital and spin depen
dent effective operators, which act on the valence electrons. The resu
lts obtained are applied to transition metals and rare earths.