Sca. Lien et al., ACTIVE-MATRIX DISPLAY USING ION-BEAM-PROCESSED POLYIMIDE FILM FOR LIQUID-CRYSTAL ALIGNMENT, IBM journal of research and development, 42(3-4), 1998, pp. 537-542
ion-beam bombardment was developed as a substitute for mechanical rubb
ing of polyimide film as a noncontact liquid crystal (LC) alignment te
chnique. The ion-beam technique was applied to a high-resolution thin-
film-transistor-addressed liquid crystal display (TFT/LCD) panel. The
results showed that LC alignment was achieved and that the display is
capable of showing high-quality images.