Toxic substances generated during the metabolism of alcohol in the liv
er may contribute to the development of alcoholic liver disease. These
substances include highly reactive molecules that can destroy vital c
ell components through a process called oxidation. Cells are protected
against oxidation by the action of certain enzymes, vitamins, and oth
er substances, known collectively as antioxidants. An imbalance betwee
n oxidants and antioxidants can lead to oxidative stress, characterize
d by escalating cell damage. Evidence suggests that the major energy-g
enerating structures within cells (i.e, mitochondria) may be especiall
y sensitive to oxidative stress, resulting in diminished energy produc
tion. Medications that reduce oxidative stress in mitochondria may ame
liorate liver disease.