During the last felv years, the study of biological diversity has beco
me an important in the management of the conservation and prevention o
f extinction of both wild and domestic species. About one third of the
3213 domestic breeds currently estimated to exist are at risk of exti
nction. Conservation Genetics allows the understanding of the signific
ance of genetic diversity (a fundamental feature for the long term sur
vival of species) in defining management strategies. The Argentinian C
reole Breed is presented as an example of holy the characterization of
native breeds through molecular genetic markers could support managem
ent strategies to preserve local genetic resources.