S. Tadaki et al., COUPLED MAP TRAFFIC FLOW SIMULATOR BASED ON OPTIMAL VELOCITY FUNCTIONS, Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 67(7), 1998, pp. 2270-2276
A coupled map traffic now model is introduced, based on optimal veloci
ty functions. The model is simulated under open boundary conditions. E
ffects of noises in velocity are investigated. The average car density
increases with the noise level. The high throughput flow is realized
when the noise level is sufficiently large, and power law behavior app
ears in temporal spectra of density fluctuations at the same time. By
introducing traffic bottlenecks, a hysteresis loop, which indicates th
e emergence of traffic jams, is observed in the headway-velocity plane
. Temporal spectra of density fluctuations also obey a power law in th
is case: whose exponent is independent of the noise level.