RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF BRIEF NEONATAL EXPOSURE TO COWS MILK ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATOPY

Objective-To determine the effect of brief early exposure to cows' mil k on atopy in the first 2 years of life. Design-Double blind, placebo controlled, randomised feeding intervention trial (Bokaal study). Sett ing-Dutch midwifery practices. Participants-1533 breast, fed neonates. Intervention-Exposure to cows' milk protein (n = 758) or a protein fr ee placebo (n = 775) during the first 3 days of life. Main outcome mea sures-Clinical atopic disease and any positive radioallergosorbent (RA ST) tests at 1 year of age. Results-Atopic disease in the first year w as found in 10.0% (cows' milk) v 9.3% (placebo) of the children, with a relative risk of 1.07; in the second year, atopic disease was found in 9.6% v 10.2%, respectively, with a relative risk of 0.94. Per proto col analysis showed similar results. Any RAST positive test was found in 9.4% (cows' milli) v 7.9% (placebo) of children, with a relative ri sk of 1.19. Stratified analysis for high family risk of allergy showed a doubled incidence of atopic disease but no effect from the interven tion. Conclusion-Early and brief exposure to cows' milk in breast fed children does not increase the risk of atopic disease In the first 2 y ears.