Mn. Elinson et al., ELECTROCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION OF CYANOACETIC ESTER AND ALKYLIDENECYANOACETIC ESTERS INTO 3-SUBSTITUTED 1,2-DICYANOCYCLOPROPANE-1,2-DICARBOXYLATES, Russian chemical bulletin, 47(6), 1998, pp. 1133-1136
Electrolysis of cyanoacetic eater and alkylidenecyanoacetic eaters in
an undivided cell in the presence of mediator; (alkali metal halides)
gives rise to 3-substituted 1,2-dicyanocyclopropane-1,2 dicarboxylates
in 60-95% yields.