(ETICS-STUDY - EMPIRICAL THERAPY OF IDIOPATHIC CHRONIC SINGULTUS [ICS])

Idiopathic chronic singultus (ICS) describes recurring episodes of per sistent hiccuping lasting longer than an arbitrary time limit (e. g. o ne month) for which no organic cause or consistently effective treatme nt can be found. It has been suggested that ICS may result from chroni c stimulation of a supraspinal hiccup center by impulses originating f rom receptors in the gastrointestinaltract. This hypotesis implies the possibility of treating ICS by reducing gastric acid (via omeprazole) , facilitating gastric emptying (via cisapride), or suppressing of the hiccup centre (via GABA-ergic effects of baclofen or gabapentin). 29 patients (28 male, one female; age 71 +/- 10 years) suffering from ICS for four to 564 months were treated with a combination of cisapride ( 30 mg/d), omeprazole (20 mg/d) and baclofen (45 mg/d) (COB). The patie nts rated the severity of hiccuping on a subjective assessment scale ( SAS) that ranged from 0 (= no hiccuping) to 10 (= unbearable hiccuping ). Hiccuping ceased in 38% (11/29) of the treated patients and decreas ed in severity in an additional 24% (7/29). Mean SAS-scores following 20 to 24 weeks of therapy (3.7 +/- 3.4) were significantly lower compa red to before therapy (8.8 +/- 1.3) (Mann-Whitney; rank, order test [p < 0.02]). In the patients that failed to respond to COB, gabapentin ( 1.200 mg/d) was substituted for baclofen. Hiccuping ceased in one and improved in two of these ten subjects. We conclude that COB is an effe ctive empirical therapy in the majority of patients with ICS, It may b e useful to substitute gabapentin for baclofen in those not responding to COB.