Thorstein Veblen's seminal paper 'Why is Economics Not an Evolutionary
Science?' (1898) is well known for its critique of rational economic
man. However, rather than just criticise this model, Veblen developed
an alternative, evolutionary-informed approach to understanding human
nature, based partly on the ideas of Peirce, James and, later, McDouga
ll. The aim of this paper is to show how recent results from a number
of cognitive disciplines are beginning to reaffirm many of Veblen's co
re psychological assumptions. The paper argues that an active, multimo
dular and hierarchical approach to the mind can help provide a more in
tegrative framework in which to examine economic behaviour.