D. Wilsoncostello et al., PERINATAL CORRELATES OF CEREBRAL-PALSY AND OTHER NEUROLOGIC IMPAIRMENT AMONG VERY-LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT CHILDREN, Pediatrics (Evanston), 102(2), 1998, pp. 315-322
Background and Objective. The etiology of neurologic impairments among
very low birth weight (VLBW, <1.5 kg) children is poorly understood.
We sought to investigate the perinatal predictors of major neurologic
impairment, including cerebral palsy, among VLBW children. Methods. An
tenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal events and therapies were compared
between 72 singleton inborn VLBW children born between 1983 to 1991 wh
o had neurologic impairment at 20 months corrected age (including 50 w
ith cerebral palsy and 22 with other neurologic impairments) and 72 ne
urologically normal VLBW children matched by birth weight, gestational
age, race, and sex via a retrospective case-control method. Multiple
logistic regression was conducted, entering only those variables found
to be significant at the bivariate level. Results. There were no sign
ificant differences in the rates of pregnancy-induced hypertension, ma
ternal tocolytic use including magnesium, or antenatal steroid therapy
. Higher rates of clinical chorioamnionitis were found among the mothe
rs of the neurologically impaired children as compared with controls (
31% vs 11%), but not among the subgroup of mothers of children with ce
rebral palsy (22% vs 12%). Significant differences in neonatal factors
among the total neurologically-impaired group (n = 72) versus control
s included oxygen dependence at 36 weeks (31% vs 15%), septicemia (53%
vs 31%), severe cranial ultrasound abnormality (50% vs 17%), and hypo
thyroxinemia (43% vs 25%). In the subgroup with cerebral palsy (n = 50
), significant differences included days on the ventilator (23 vs 14 d
ays), septicemia (54% vs 33%), and severe cranial ultrasound abnormali
ty (52% vs 12%). Multivariate analysis controlling for birth weight, g
estational age, race, sex, and the birth period (before 1990 versus 19
90 and after) revealed direct and independent effects of clinical chor
ioamnionitis [odds ratio (OR), 3.79; confidence interval (CI), 1.34-10
.78], severe cranial ultrasound abnormality (OR, 9.97; CI, 3.84-25.87)
, and septicemia (OR, 2.46; CI, 1.10-5.52) on total neurologic impairm
ent. Consideration of the 50 cases with cerebral palsy revealed direct
and independent effects of severe cranial ultrasound abnormality only
(OR, 15.01; CI, 4.34-51.93). Conclusions. Both antenatal and neonatal
risk factors contribute to the development of severe neurologic impai
rment, including cerebral palsy among VLBW children. Because preventio
n of chorioamnionitis may not be feasible in the near future, attempts
to decrease neonatal risk factors such as severe cranial ultrasound a
bnormalities and sepsis may be most feasible at this time.